Transmission of Aids

HIV enters the physique through accessible cuts, sores, or break in the skin; through close membranes, such as those central the anus or vagina; or through absolute injection. There are several means by which this can happen:

Sexual acquaintance with an adulterated person. (see added advice below)

Sharing needles, syringes, or added bang accessories with anyone who is infected.

Mother-to-child transmission. Babies built-in to HIV-positive women can be adulterated with the virus afore or during birth, or through breastfeeding afterwards birth.

Transmission in bloom affliction settings. Healthcare professionals accept been adulterated with HIV in the workplace, usually afterwards getting ashore with all-overs or aciculate altar absolute HIV-infected blood.

Transmission via donated claret or claret array factors. However, this is now actual attenuate in countries breadth claret is buried for HIV antibodies, including in the United States.

Since the alpha of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, new or potentially alien routes of manual accept been thoroughly advised by accompaniment and bounded bloom departments, in accord with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To date, no added routes of manual accept been recorded, admitting a civic arrangement advised to ascertain abnormal cases.

Common belief about how HIV is spread

These are some of the affairs you don't accept to anguish about because they will not put you at accident for acceptable adulterated with HIV:

Being apathetic by a mosquito or added bugs, getting apathetic by an animal.

Eating aliment handled, able or served by somebody who is HIV positive.

Sharing toilets, telephones or clothing.

Sharing forks, spoons, knives, or bubbler glasses.

Touching, adhering or kissing a getting who is HIV positive.

Attending school, church, restaurants, arcade malls or added accessible places breadth there are HIV-positive people.

HIV cannot be transmitted admitting urine, feces, vomit, or sweat. It is present, but alone in negligible quantities, in tears and abscess fluid. It is present in minute amounts in saliva in a actual baby bulk of people.

Sexual Manual of HIV

In the United States, animal acquaintance is the a lot of accepted avenue of HIV transmission. The CDC has appear that of the 48,100 humans who they estimated became adulterated in 2009, 57 percent were men who apprenticed HIV through sex with added men (MSM). The appellation MSM is important because abounding men who accept sex with men do not necessarily analyze themselves as "gay" or even "bisexual." HIV transmitted through animal action a part of heterosexuals accounted for 31 percent of new infections, with a lot of of these cases a part of women adulterated by men. Bang biologic users, in total, accounted for 12 percent of new infections, admitting about a division of those were MSM, so it isn't accessible to apperceive for abiding whether those men were adulterated by administration bang accessories or through sex.

Heterosexual action is the a lot of accepted approach of HIV manual in abounding resource-poor countries. In Africa hardly added than 80 percent of infections are acquired heterosexually, while mother-to-child manual and transfusions of attenuated claret annual for the actual infections. In Latin America, a lot of infections are acquired by MSM and through abusage of injected drugs, but heterosexual manual is rising. Heterosexual acquaintance and bang of drugs are the capital modes of HIV manual in South and South East Asia.

The acumen why animal action is a accident for HIV manual is because it allows for the barter of physique fluids. Researchers accept consistently begin that HIV can be transmitted via blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. It is aswell accurate that HIV has been detected in saliva, tears, and urine. However, HIV in these fluids is alone begin in acutely low concentrations. What's more, there hasn't been a individual case of HIV manual through these fluids appear to the CDC.

Specific Animal Practices: What are the Risks?

Studies accept again approved that assertive animal practices are associated with a college accident of HIV manual than others.

Vaginal Intercourse:

Unprotected vaginal action is the a lot of accepted approach of HIV infection worldwide. In the United States and abounding added developed nations, it is the additional a lot of accepted approach of animal HIV manual (after anal action a part of MSM).

Studies accept approved that male-to-female HIV manual during vaginal action is decidedly added acceptable than female-to-male HIV transmission. In added words, HIV-positive men are abundant added acceptable to address the virus to HIV-negative women through vaginal action than HIV-positive women are to HIV-negative men.

There are a few affidavit for this. First, there are added men than women in the United States adulterated with HIV, acceptation that it's abundant added acceptable for a changeable to accept sex with an HIV-positive macho than for a macho to accept sex with an HIV-positive female. Second, women accept a abundant beyond apparent breadth of mucosal tissue – the lining of the vagina and cervix that can abrade calmly and are affluent in allowed arrangement beef that can be adulterated by HIV – than men. For men, HIV accept to access through a cut or chafe on the penis or through the lining of the urethra central the tip of the penis.

There has been some analysis suggesting that men who are uncircumcised accept a college accident of acceptable adulterated with HIV or transmitting the virus if they are already HIV positive. However, it is important to accent that men who are beneath can still be adulterated (or address the virus) if condoms are not acclimated for vaginal sex.

Men or women who accept sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as animal canker or syphilis, are added acceptable to advance the virus if they are HIV absolute or to become adulterated with the virus if they are HIV negative.

Anal Intercourse:

Anal action is associated with a top accident of HIV infection, if condoms are not acclimated and the insertive partner's HIV cachet is either absolute or not known.

Being the acceptant accomplice – the "bottom" – during caught anal action puts you at a abundant top accident of HIV infection but it’s accessible for either accomplice to get HIV. The acumen for this is that HIV-infected berry can appear into acquaintance with mucosal tissues in the anus that can be damaged calmly during anal intercourse. And the accident of HIV manual isn't necessarily bargain if the "top" pulls out afore acclamation – studies accept approved that pre-ejaculate (pre-cum) can accommodate top amounts of HIV and can aftereffect in manual during anal intercourse.

The insertive (“top”) accomplice is at lower accident but it is accessible for HIV to access through a cut or chafe on the penis or through the lining of the urethra central the tip of the penis.

Studies advance that caught insertive anal sex is almost four to 14 times beneath chancy than caught acceptant anal sex.

Penile-Oral Sex

The accident of penile-oral sex raises the greatest bulk of abashing in agreement of accident – and raises the greatest bulk of questions. But a lot of experts accede that fellatio, sometimes referred to as "blow jobs," is not an able avenue of HIV transmission. This does not beggarly that it cannot happen, but the accident is actual low.

Because caught fellatio allows physique fluids from one getting to appear into acquaintance with the mucosal tissues or accessible cuts, sores, or break in the derma of addition person, there is a "theoretical risk" of HIV transmission, acceptation that casual an infection from one getting to addition is advised possible. But the likelihood of it accident is attenuate as there are alone a few accurate cases letters and studies.

These instances all complex MSM – men who were the acceptant ally (the getting accomplishing the "sucking") during caught articulate sex with addition HIV-positive man. There haven't been any instances of HIV infection a part of changeable acceptant ally during caught articulate sex. And there hasn’t been a individual accurate case of HIV manual to an insertive accomplice (the getting getting "sucked") during caught articulate sex, either a part of MSM or heterosexuals.

Oral-Vaginal Sex

Like fellatio, this is aswell advised a low accident activity. Case letters certificate one case of female-to-female manual of HIV via cunnilingus and addition case of female-to-male manual of HIV via cunnilingus. Both of these cases complex manual from acceptant accomplice (the one accepting articulate sex) to the insertive accomplice (the one assuming articulate sex). There haven't been any accurate cases of HIV manual from the insertive accomplice to the acceptant partner.

Oral-Anal Sex

Oral-anal sex is generally referred to as analingus. Analingus, or "rimming," is not advised to be an absolute accident agency for HIV. However, it has been apparent to be a avenue of manual for hepatitis A and B, as able-bodied as abject infections like giardiasis and amebiasis.

Digital-Anal or Digital-Vaginal Sex

Digital-anal or digital-vaginal sex is the analytic appellation for "fingering" either the anus or the changeable genitals (including the vagina). While it is apparently accessible that anyone who has an accessible cut or beginning chafe on his or her feel or duke can be adulterated with HIV if advancing into acquaintance with claret in the anus or vagina or vaginal secretions, there has never been a accurate case of HIV manual via fingering